Depending on the type of infertility that has been diagnosed, several options can be offered to couples. Treatment modalities could include either of the following procedures and even a combination of procedures:
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
It is the direct placement of washed sperm into the uterus as close to the ovulated oocyte as possible in an attempt to achieve a pregnancy.
In vitro Fertilization (IVF)
In vitro fertilization involves the collection of mature eggs from the woman's body. In this, the oocyte and a calculated number of sperm are Incubated together in a petri dish in culture medium allowing fertilization to take place. This is followed by transfer of the fertilized embryo into the woman's womb.
Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is a delicate but effective technique, which involves the injection of a single sperm into each egg using a glass pipette which is many times thinner than human hair. This improves the fertilization rate and offers hope to patients with severe male factor infertility. The invention of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) has revolutionized the treatment of male infertility by achieving high rates of fertilization in patients who previously would have had little hope of conceiving.
Dr. Firuza Parikh's team pioneered this technique for the first time in South East Asia in 1994.
Laser Assisted Hatching (LAH)
Prior to implantation, the embryo has to escape out of its protective shell known as the zona pellucida by a process known as hatching. If this process is not completed properly, implantation will fail and a pregnancy will not occur. We offer the Laser technology for Assisted Hatching (LAH), where a laser beam is focused over the zona pellucida making a small opening, between 10-20 microns to facilitate embryo hatching. This technique is particularly useful in cases where the embryo has a thick zona and also in cases with previous failed cycles.
We achieved the first pregnancy in India using this technique combined with blastocyst transfer (LAHBT).
Blastocyst Stage Culture
A blastocyst is an embryo that consists of more than 100 cells. It is at the blastocyst stage of development (5 days after fertilization) that an embryo would normally move out of the fallopian tube and into the uterus. Once in the uterus, the blastocyst starts to attach to the uterine lining in a process known as implantation. Using newly developed culture media, a higher implantation rate has been observed by some scientists following transfer of blastocysts (50%), compared to day 3 (25%) embryo transfer. However we believe that correct preparation of the uterine lining is more important than the stage at which the embryos are transferred.
Endoscopic surgery (Laparoscopy & Hysteroscopy)
Laparoscopy is a procedure that allows the doctor to look directly at the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, appendix, and other organs through keyhole surgery. Operative laparoscopy enables the surgeon to correct defects in the genital organs and remove tumors & cysts in the uterus, fallopian tubes and the ovaries without the patient undergoing an open surgery. This technique is known as "minimally invasive surgery" and involves minimal discomfort to the patient. This technique is helpful in the presence of adhesions, endometriosis, pelvic tuberculosis, fibroids, ovarian tumors and cysts and in intestinal conditions such as appendicitis.
Hysteroscopy is a procedure, which allows the doctor to visualize the uterine cavity from within. Operative hysteroscopy enables the surgeon to correct defects within the uterine cavity. This technique is very helpful to treat intrauterine septum, adhesions and myomas with minimal discomfort to the patient.
Our team has one of the largest experiences in the country with operative laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.
PESA/TESA/TESE
We offer surgical sperm retrieval techniques for men who suffer from azoospermia (no sperm in the ejaculate). Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) / Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) / Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE), are procedures in which sperm from men with azoospermia can be removed from the epididymis or the testis and used to fertilize eggs by ICSI. These techniques are utilized in conditions of obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia.
Our team has one of the largest series in India using epididymal & testicular sperm.
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an early form of prenatal diagnosis. It allows genetic analysis to be performed on early embryos by NEGATIVE SELECTION of the affected embryos prior to implantation, thereby allowing couples to achieve pregnancies through IVF with reduction or virtual elimination of the risk of certain genetic diseases in their offspring thereby bringing them hope of healthy babies. 
The objectives of offering PGD are:
- It increases the chances of implantation
- It reduces the chances of spontaneous abortions and chromosomal abnormalities in babies.
PGD helps to improve pregnancy rates and decrease spontaneous abortion rates in:
- Older age women
- Women with previous unsuccessful IVF attempts
- Women with recurrent spontaneous abortions
- Women who have had to undergo repeated terminations because of abnormality diagnosed on PND
- Known carriers of genetic defects
- Racial and Ethnic association to specific diseases (B-Thalassemia,Sickle cell anemia)
